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Arctic Ocean (open water)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/2765

The body of water around the north pole

Names

  • Arabic: بحر تولية = Baḥr al-Tawliya 1
  • Greek: ἀρκτῷον ὠκεανὸν, ὠκεανὸν ὑπὸ τὴν ἄρκτον = arktōon ōkeanon, ōkeanon hypo tēn arkton 2

Temporal Data

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Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Laonikos Chalkokondyles. 2 before 14641464-1468mid-late 15th C2014

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 342 (2) 59 [Arabic].
  • 2Arctic Ocean: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, The Histories, ed. Anthony Kaldellis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), para. 1.38; 3.26 [Greek with English translation].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson and Josh Kuch, “Arctic Ocean” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/2765.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; place categorization; abstract; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; and categorization, matching, Greek transliteration from Chalkokondyles' history
  • Josh Kuch: categorization and Greek collection from Chalkokondyles' history
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