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Bethlehem (settlement)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/293

a town near Jerusalem in Filasṭīn

Names

  • Arabic: بيت لحم = Bayt Laḥm 1-2
  • Hebrew: בית לחם = BYT LḤM 3
  • Hebrew: בית ליאון = BYT LYʾWN 4
  • Latin: Bethlehem 5-8
  • Latin: Effrata 9
  • Persian: بیت‌اللحم = Bayt al-Laḥm 10
  • Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܠܚܡ = BYT LḤM 11

Temporal Data

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Show table of instances where this place is mentioned
Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. 2 before 1354 CE1354-1356early 1180 A.H. / 17661997
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela 3-4 before c.1170c.117313th C1907
Events mentioned by Burchard of Mount Sion 5 c.1280c.128414th C1864
Events mentioned by Riccoldo da Montecroce 6, 9 c. 1289c.129014th C1864
Events mentioned by Odoric of Pordenone 7 1318-13301330c. 13501864
Events mentioned by Wilbrand of Oldenburg 8 1211-1212c.122216th C1864
Events mentioned by Nāṣir-i Khusraw 10 c. 1050circa 106510th C Hijrī/16th C CE2001
Events mentioned by Michael the Syrian 11 before 11991195-1199?15982009

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 521 (4) 19، 71 (5) 251 [Arabic].
  • 2Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 1:239, 244; 2:250, 257 [Arabic].
    • Bethlehem: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), I, 74, 77; II, 506, 513 [English].
  • 3Bethlehem: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 40 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 4Beth-Leon: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 40 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 5Bethlehem: Burchard of Mount Sion, Descriptio Terrae Sanctae, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), prol. 4, VII 29, VIII 1. 5. IX 10 bis. 11. 12. 14. 20. 30, X 16, XII 6. [Latin].
  • 6Bethlehem: Riccoldo da Montecroce, Liber Peregrinationis, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), IV 59. 61. 65. V. [Latin].
  • 7Bethlehem: Odoric of Pordenone, Liber de Terra Sancta, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), XXXVII 1, XXXIX 1, XLI, XLII, XLIV. [Latin].
  • 8Bethlehem: Wilbrand of Oldenburg, Peregrinatio, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), I 19, 5. II 8, 2. [Latin].
  • 9Effrata: Riccoldo da Montecroce, Liber Peregrinationis, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), IV 66. [Latin].
  • 10Bethlehem: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 44 [Persian with English translation].
  • 11Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 91 [Syriac].
    • Bethléem: J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), I, 137-139, 141, 246; III, 191 [French].
    • Bethlehem: Michael the Syrian, The Chronicle of Michael the Great (The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex): Books XV–XXI From the Year 1050 to 1195 AD, ed. Amir Harrak (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2019), 76 [Syriac with English translation].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson, et al., “Bethlehem” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/293.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; abstract; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; categorization, matching, Arabic collection and transliteration from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account; Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue; matching from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor; matching from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue; and categorization, matching, Syriac collection and transliteration, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
  • Evan Willford: place categorization; Syriac Gazetter matching; Wikipedia matching and GPS coordinates; and matching from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account
  • Liran Yadgar: categorization, matching, Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Margaret Gaida: categorization from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor
  • Mary Papadopoulos: categorization, matching, Persian collection and transliteration from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue
  • Jessica Mutter: categorization, matching, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
  • McKenzie Cady: categorization from Michael's chronicle
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