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Iraq (region)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/464

al-ʿIrāq

Names

  • Arabic: العراق = al-ʿIrāq 1-4
  • Armenian: Բաբել Աշխարհն = Babel Ashkharhn 5
  • Armenian: Բաբելացւոց Աշխարհ = Babelatsʻwotsʻ Ashkharh 6-8
  • Armenian: Բաբիլացւոց աշխարհ = Babilatsʻwotsʻ ashkharh 9
  • Armenian: Իրաղ = Iragh 10-13
  • Hebrew: שנער = ShNʿR 14
  • Persian: عراق = ʿIrāq 15
  • Syriac: ܣܢܥܪ = SNʿR 16
  • Syriac: ܥܝܪܩ = ʿYRQ 17

Temporal Data

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Show table of instances where this place is mentioned
Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād. 2 before 843 CEc. 820-843 CE687 A.H. / 1288-9 CE1993
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. 4 before 1354 CE1354-135613561997
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. 3 before 1354 CE1354-1356early 1180 A.H. / 17661997
Event mentioned by Grigor Erēts‘. 5 1335133513351950
Event mentioned by Martiros. 6 1303130313031950
Event mentioned by Abraham. 7 1315131513151950
Event mentioned by Sargis. 8 1325132513251950
Event mentioned by an Armenian scribe. 9 1307130713071950
Event mentioned by Yovanēs Mankasarents‘. 10 1457145714571958
Event mentioned by T‘umashay. 11 1462146214621958
Event mentioned by Yovan. 12 1462146214621958
Event mentioned by Yovhannēs Mangasarents‘. 13 1463146314631958
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela 14 before c.1170c.117313th C1907
Events mentioned by Nāṣir-i Khusraw 15 c. 1050circa 106510th C Hijrī/16th C CE2001
Events mentioned by Michael the Syrian 16-17 before 11991195-1199?15982009

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 257 (2) 98 (3) 16 (4) 93 [Arabic].
  • 2Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād, Kitāb al-Fitan, edited by Suhayl Zakkār (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1993), 28, 66, 89, 102, 111, 119, 122, 129, 138, 139, 145, 159, 173, 174, 176, 178, 180, 181, 184, 214, 260, 267, 273, 275, 278, 279, 303, 305, 319, 323, 324, 325, 328, 383, 414, 415, 416, 426 [Arabic].
    • Iraq: Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād, The Book of Tribulations: The Syrian Muslim Apocalyptic Tradition, translated by David Cook (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017), 17, 88, 116, 158, 166, 168, 170, 262, 309, 324, 333, 422, 434 [English].
  • 3Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 1:194, 411 [Arabic].
    • al-ʿIrāq: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), I, 32, 249 [English].
  • 4Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 4:176 [Arabic].
    • al-ʿIrāq: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), IV, 915 [English].
  • 5L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 332 p. 268 [Armenian].
    • Babel Ašxarhn: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1335 (no. 1) [English].
  • 6L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 17b pp. 16-17 [Armenian].
    • Babelac‘woc‘ Ašxarh: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1303 (no. 4) [English].
  • 7L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 150 p. 113 [Armenian].
    • Babelac‘woc‘ Ašxarh: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1315 (no. 1) [English].
  • 8L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 239 p. 192 [Armenian].
    • Babelac‘woc‘ Ašxarh: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1325 (no. 1) [English].
  • 9L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 65 p. 51 [Armenian].
    • Babilac‘woc‘ ašxarh: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1307 (no. 5) [English].
  • 10L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1958), no. 118a II: p. 86 [Armenian].
    • Irał: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1457 (no. 5) [English].
  • 11L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1958), no. 221 II: pp. 172-177 [Armenian].
    • Irał: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1462 (no. 3) [English].
  • 12L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1958), no. 224a II: pp. 179-180 [Armenian].
    • Irał: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1462 (no. 5) [English].
  • 13L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1958), no. 242 II: p. 197 [Armenian].
    • Irał: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1463 (no. 7) [English].
  • 14Shinar: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 20, 51, 62, 64, 70, 72, 89, 106 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 15Iraq: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 14 [Persian with English translation].
  • 16Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 9 [Syriac].
    • Sennaar: J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), I, 18, 19; III, 312 [French].
  • 17Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 451 [Syriac].
    • Irak: J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), II, 474 [French].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson, et al., “Iraq” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/464.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; abstract; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; categorization, matching, Arabic collection and transliteration from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account; categorization, matching, Armenian collection/transliteration from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts; Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue; matching from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue; and categorization, matching, Syriac collection and transliteration from Michael's chronicle
  • Evan Willford: place categorization; Syriac Gazetter matching; Wikipedia matching; and matching from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account
  • Jessica Mutter: categorization, matching, and Arabic name collection and transcription from Nuʿaym Ibn Ḥammād’s Kitāb al-Fitan and categorization, matching from Michael's chronicle
  • McKenzie Cady: citation generation from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts and categorization from Michael's chronicle
  • Liran Yadgar: categorization, matching, Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Mary Papadopoulos: categorization, matching, Persian collection and transliteration from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue
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