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Red Sea (open water)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/821

"(Sea of Judda)" 3

Names

  • Arabic: بحر القلزم = Baḥr al-Qulzum 1
  • Arabic: بحر جدة = Baḥr Judda 2
  • Greek: τῇ θαλάσσῃ τῇ Ἐρυθρᾷ = tē thalassē tē Erythra 4
  • Greek: τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν = tēn Erythran thalassan 5
  • Hebrew: ים סוף = YM SWP 6
  • Latin: mare rubrum 7
  • Latin: sinus arabicus 8
  • Persian: دریای قلزم = Daryā-yi Qulzum 9
  • Persian: قلزم = Qulzum 10
  • Persian: جايى به قلزم = Jā-yi bi Qulzum 11
  • Persian: جايى به عيذاب = Jā-yi bi ʿAydhāb 12
  • Persian: جايى به بحر النعام = Ja-yi bi Baḥr al-Naʿām 13
  • Syriac: ܝܡܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ = YMʾ SWMQʾ 14

Temporal Data

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Show table of instances where this place is mentioned
Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. 2 before 1354 CE1354-1356early 1180 A.H. / 17661997
Event mentioned by Laonikos Chalkokondyles. 4-5 before 14641464-1468mid-late 15th C2014
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela 6 before c.1170c.117313th C1907
Events mentioned by Burchard of Mount Sion 7-8 c.1280c.128414th C1864
Events mentioned by Nāṣir-i Khusraw 9-13 c. 1050circa 106510th C Hijrī/16th C CE2001
Events mentioned by Michael the Syrian 14 before 11991195-1199?15982009

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 343 (2) 92 (3) 286 [Arabic].
  • 2Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 1:189 [Arabic].
    • Red Sea: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), I, 25 [English].
  • 3A. D. H. Bivar, The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354: Index (London: The Hakluyt Society, 2000), vol. 5, s.v. [English].
  • 4Red Sea: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, The Histories, ed. Anthony Kaldellis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), para. 3.13 [Greek with English translation].
  • 5Red Sea: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, The Histories, ed. Anthony Kaldellis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), para. 3.41 [Greek with English translation].
  • 6Red Sea: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 107 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 7mare rubrum: Burchard of Mount Sion, Descriptio Terrae Sanctae, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), I 2 bis. 4, V 14. 16, VII 33. 41. 46. [Latin].
  • 8sinus arabicus: Burchard of Mount Sion, Descriptio Terrae Sanctae, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), I 2. [Latin].
  • 9Red Sea: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 55, 86, 92 [Persian with English translation].
  • 10Red Sea: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 76 [Persian with English translation].
  • 11Qulzum Sea: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 86 [Persian with English translation].
  • 12Aydhab Sea: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 86 [Persian with English translation].
  • 13Bahr al-Na‘am Sea: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 86 [Persian with English translation].
  • 14Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 9 [Syriac].
    • Rouge (mer): J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), I, 18, 42; II, 403; III, 405 [French].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson, et al., “Red Sea” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/821.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; categorization, matching, Arabic collection and transliteration from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account; categorization, matching, Greek collection and transliteration from Chalkokondyles' history; Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue; matching from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor; matching from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue; and categorization, matching, Syriac collection and transliteration from Michael's chronicle
  • Evan Willford: place categorization and matching from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account
  • Josh Kuch: categorization from Chalkokondyles' history
  • Liran Yadgar: categorization, matching, Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Margaret Gaida: categorization from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor
  • Mary Papadopoulos: categorization, matching, Persian collection and transliteration from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue
  • Jessica Mutter: categorization, matching from Michael's chronicle
  • McKenzie Cady: categorization from Michael's chronicle
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