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emperor

URI https://medievalmideast.org/practice/149

The leader of the Byzantine Empire, a role to which various titles were assigned

Names

  • Arabic: ملك الروم = malik al-Rūm 1
  • Arabic: تكفور = Takfūr 2
  • Hebrew: אינפראטורי = ʾYNPRʾṬWRY 3
  • Hebrew: אינפרדורי = ʾYNPRDWRY 4
  • Hebrew: אנפירדור = ʾNPYRDWR 5

Temporal Data

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Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa.1-2 before 1354 CE1354-1356early 1180 A.H. / 17661997
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela3-5 before c.1170c.117313th C1907

Sources

  • 1Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 1:306 [Arabic].
    • king of the Greeks: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), I, 124 [English].
  • 2Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 2:233, 249 [Arabic].
    • Takfūr: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), II, 488, 505 [English].
  • 3Emperor: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 15 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 4Emperor: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 19 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 5Emperor: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 75 [Hebrew with English translation].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson and Liran Yadgar, “emperor” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/practice/149.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; abstract; categorization, matching, Arabic collection and transliteration from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account; and matching, Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Liran Yadgar: Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
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