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Black Sea (open water)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/2764

The sea north of Anatolia

Names

  • Arabic: بحر بنطس = Baḥr Bunṭus 1
  • Arabic: نيطس = Nīṭus 2
  • Arabic: مانطس = Mānṭus 3
  • Armenian: Պոնդոսի Ծով = Pondosi Tsov 4
  • Armenian: Պոնտոսի Ծով = Pontosi Tsov 5-11
  • Hebrew: ים רוסיה = YM RWSYH 12
  • Syriac: ܦܘܢܛܘܣ = PWNṬWS 13

Temporal Data

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Show table of instances where this place is mentioned
Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1-3 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Sargis. 4 1325132513251950
Event mentioned by an Armenian scribe. 5 1307130713071950
Event mentioned by an Armenian scribe. 6 1312131213121950
Event mentioned by Abraham. 7 1315131513151950
Event mentioned by T‘oros. 8 1329132913291950
Event mentioned by Yovanēs. 9 1331133113311950
Event mentioned by Yovhannēs. 10 1337133713371950
Event mentioned by Astuatsatur. 11 1449144914491955
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela 12 before c.1170c.117313th C1907
Events mentioned by Michael the Syrian 13 before 11991195-1199?15982009

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 216، 342 [Arabic].
  • 2Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 278 [Arabic].
  • 3Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 385 [Arabic].
  • 4L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 239 p. 192 [Armenian].
    • Pondosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1325 (no. 1) [English].
  • 5L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 65 p. 51 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1307 (no. 5) [English].
  • 6L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 114 p. 84 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1312 (no. 1) [English].
  • 7L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 150 p. 113 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1315 (no. 1) [English].
  • 8L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 272 pp. 215-216 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1329 (no. 1) [English].
  • 9L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 292 p. 234 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1331 (no. 2) [English].
  • 10L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 364 p. 296 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1337 (no. 3) [English].
  • 11L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1955), no. 704 I: pp. 622-629 [Armenian].
    • Pontosi Cov: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1449 (no. 1) [English].
  • 12Russian Sea: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 20 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 13Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 96 [Syriac].
    • Pont: J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), I, 149; II, 363, 401; III, 160, 222, 227, 248, 413 [French].
    • Pontus : Michael the Syrian, The Chronicle of Michael the Great (The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex): Books XV–XXI From the Year 1050 to 1195 AD, ed. Amir Harrak (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2019), 6 & n.17, 20 n. 64, 144, 152, 194, 468, [Syriac with English translation].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson, et al., “Black Sea” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/2764.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; place categorization; abstract; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; categorization, matching, Armenian collection/transliteration from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts; Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue; and categorization, matching, Syriac collection and transliteration, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
  • McKenzie Cady: citation generation from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts and categorization from Michael's chronicle
  • Liran Yadgar: categorization, matching, Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Jessica Mutter: categorization, matching, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
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