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Euphrates (river)

URI https://medievalmideast.org/place/373

A place

Names

  • Arabic: الفرات = al-Furāt 1, 3
  • Arabic: فالاذروذ = Fālādhrūdh 2
  • Arabic: الفرات = Euphrates 4
  • Armenian: Եփրատ = Epʻrat 5-8
  • Greek: Εὐφράτου, Εὐφράτῃ, Εὐφράτην = Euphratou, Euphratē, Euphratēn 9
  • Hebrew: פרת = PRT 10
  • Latin: Eufrates 11
  • Persian: فرات = Furāt 12
  • Syriac: ܦܪܬ = PRT 13

Temporal Data

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Show table of instances where this place is mentioned
Event DescriptionDate
Event mentioned by Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. 1-2 before c. 1225c.1225877 A.H. / 14721995
Event mentioned by Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād. 3 before 843 CEc. 820-843 CE687 A.H. / 1288-9 CE1993
Event mentioned by Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. 4 before 1354 CE1354-1356early 1180 A.H. / 17661997
Event mentioned by an Armenian scribe. 5 1312131213121950
Event mentioned by Vasil. 6 1337133713371950
Event mentioned by Step‘annos. 7 1388138813881950
Event mentioned by Step‘anos. 8 1395139513951950
Event mentioned by Laonikos Chalkokondyles. 9 before 14641464-1468mid-late 15th C2014
Events mentioned by Benjamin of Tudela 10 before c.1170c.117313th C1907
Events mentioned by Burchard of Mount Sion 11 c.1280c.128414th C1864
Events mentioned by Nāṣir-i Khusraw 12 c. 1050circa 106510th C Hijrī/16th C CE2001
Events mentioned by Michael the Syrian 13 before 11991195-1199?15982009

Sources

  • 1Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (1) 509، 516 (2) 132، 536 (4) 241 [Arabic].
  • 2Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-buldān (Beirut: Dār Ṣādr, 1995), (4) 241 [Arabic].
  • 3Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād, Kitāb al-Fitan, edited by Suhayl Zakkār (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1993), 119, 128, 133, 139, 174, 184, 186, 207, 236, 254, 255, 273, 305, 321, 322, 326, 362, 372, 374, 375, 376, 380, 394, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 421, 427, 430 [Arabic].
    • Euphrates River: Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād, The Book of Tribulations: The Syrian Muslim Apocalyptic Tradition, translated by David Cook (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017), 106, 114, 115, 159, 189–90, 216, 217, 239, 262, 326–7, 330, 371, 380, 383–5, 389, 405, 419–20, 422, 423, 435, 439 [English].
  • 4Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa: al-musammāt Tuḥfat al-niẓār fī gharāʾib al-amṣār wa-ʿajāʾib al-asfār, edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī al-Tāzī (al-Ribāṭ: Akādīmiyyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1417 H [1996-97]), 1:208, 274 [Arabic].
    • Euphrates: H. A. R. Gibb, C. F. Beckingham, and A. D. H. Bivar, trans., The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325-1354 (London: The Hakluyt Society, 1958-2000), I, 49, 50, 95 [English].
  • 5L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 114 p. 84 [Armenian].
    • Ep‘rat: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1312 (no. 1) [English].
  • 6L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 363 pp. 294-296 [Armenian].
    • Ep‘rat: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1337 (no. 2) [English].
  • 7L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 720 pp. 574-575 [Armenian].
    • Ep‘rat: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1388 (no. 3) [English].
  • 8L. S. Khach‘ikyan, ed., XIV Dari Hayeren Dzeṛagreri Hishatakaranner (Yerevan: Haykakan S. S. Ṛ. Gitut‘yunneri Akademiayi Hratarakch‘ut‘yun, 1950), no. 762 p. 611 [Armenian].
    • Ep‘rat: Avedis K. Sanjian, Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts, 1301-1480: A Source for Middle Eastern History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969), 1395 (no. 1) [English].
  • 9Euphrates: Laonikos Chalkokondyles, The Histories, ed. Anthony Kaldellis (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014), para. 2.9, 49, 56; 3.50, 72 [Greek with English translation].
  • 10Euphrates: Marcus N. Adler, ed., The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela (London: Frowde, 1907), 50, 53, 59, 66, 69 [Hebrew with English translation].
  • 11Eufrates: Burchard of Mount Sion, Descriptio Terrae Sanctae, in J. C. M. Laurent, ed., Peregrinatores Medii Aevi Quatuor (Leipzig: C. P. Melzeri, 1864), I 2. 4, VII 3. [Latin].
  • 12Euphrates: Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Nasir-i Khusraw's Book of Travels, ed. Wheeler M. Thackston (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Mazda, 2001), 13 [Persian with English translation].
  • 13Gregorios Yuhanna Ibrahim, ed., The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex of the Chronicle of Michael the Great (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2009), 8 [Syriac].
    • Euphrate: J.-B. Chabot, trans., Chronique de Michel le Syrien (Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1901), I, 15, 91-93, 290, 296; II, 22, 180, 191, 195, 287, 317, 318, 376, 378, 403, 420, 421, 426, 466, 470, 476, 490, 505, 523-525; III, 10, 31, 34, 48, 49, 76-79, 84, 105, 124, 126, 137, 170, 181, 195, 206, 209, 242, 243, 244, 247, 250, 280, 283, 307, 311, 331, 376, 450 [French].
    • Euphrates: Michael the Syrian, The Chronicle of Michael the Great (The Edessa-Aleppo Syriac Codex): Books XV–XXI From the Year 1050 to 1195 AD, ed. Amir Harrak (Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2019), xi, 4 n.11, 8 n.21, 14 nn.40, 44, 32, 38 n.119, 56, 80 n.260, 82 nn.268–269, 88, 110 & n.339, 116, 124, 128 n.389, 130 n.398, 136 n.429, 154 n. 472, 164 n.498, 184, 186 & nn.551–552, 192 & n. 366, 200, 202 n. 594, 226 n.651, 232, 256, 262, 272 nn.763–764, 276 & n.773, 288 n.798, 308, 358 n.1003, 374, 402 [Syriac with English translation].

How to Cite This Entry

Thomas A. Carlson, et al., “Euphrates” in Thomas A. Carlson, ed. Historical Index of the Medieval Middle East, last modified September 16, 2021, https://medievalmideast.org/place/373.

Additional credit information:

  • Thomas A. Carlson: Data merging and XML; matching and transliteration from Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī’s Muʿjam al-Buldān; categorization, matching, Arabic collection and transliteration from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account; categorization, matching, Armenian collection/transliteration from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts; categorization, matching, Greek collection and transliteration from Chalkokondyles' history; Hebrew transliteration from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue; matching from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor; matching from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue; and categorization, matching, Syriac collection and transliteration, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
  • Evan Willford: place categorization; Syriac Gazetter matching; Wikipedia matching; and matching from Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's travel account
  • Jessica Mutter: categorization, matching, and Arabic name collection and transcription from Nuʿaym Ibn Ḥammād’s Kitāb al-Fitan and categorization, matching, and reconciling Harrak's pages from Michael's chronicle
  • McKenzie Cady: citation generation from Sanjian's Colophons of Armenian Manuscripts and categorization from Michael's chronicle
  • Josh Kuch: categorization from Chalkokondyles' history
  • Liran Yadgar: categorization, matching, Hebrew collection from Benjamin of Tudela's travelogue
  • Margaret Gaida: categorization from Laurent's Peregrinatores medii aevi quattuor
  • Mary Papadopoulos: categorization, matching, Persian collection and transliteration from Nāṣir-i Khusraw's travelogue
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